Combustion chamber



a H. B. CANNON 1,752,518

COMBUSTION CHAMBER Filed Aug. 15. 1925 2 sheei-,S-snee-r,

Aprl L1 Patented Apr. 1, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HIRAM IB. CANNON, OF MIDWAY, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR TO THE CARBORUNDUM COM- PANY, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION F PENNSYLVANIA COMBUSTION CHAMBER Application led August 15, 1925. Serial No. 50,399.

tions ofA refractory material having heatradiatin qualities. While other materials are capa le of realizing some of the heatradiating qualities desirable in combustion chambers of the type to which this invention relates, the most satisfactoryresults are obtained by employing silicon carbide for such material.

In constructing combustion chambers of the materials referred to hereinbefore, diiiiculty has been encountered in producing chambers which are stable; that 1s to say,

which do not require special braces and su ports to keep them from collapsing or tum ling over. Still further difficulties have been encountered in providing combustion chambers capable of withstanding slight gas explosions therein, slight changes in gas pressure, and the throbbing of the burning gases, without collapsing the combustion chambers or knocking down the tiles or sections from which they are built. Still further diiiiculties have been encountered in providing gastight joints between the tiles of which these combustion chambers are constructed.

It is the general purpose and object of this invention to provide combustion chambers of the material referred to which will be free from the objections noted hereinbefore. I accomplish these objects -in and through -the construction and arrangement of parts shown in the drawings hereof, wherein Fig. 1 represents a central longitudinal sectional view through a combustion chamber constructed in accordance with my invention, the

particular chamber being of the bottom-exhaust type; Fig. 2 a sectional view corresponding to the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a view corresponding substantially to the line 3-'3 of Fig. `1, looking in the direction of the arrows; Figs. 4 and 5 are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 1 and 42 and showing a modiiication of my invention; and Fig. 6 a view corresponding substantially to the line 6-6 of Fig". 4.

Describing the parts by reference characters and first with particular reference to Figs. 1-3 inclusive, the combustion chamber comprises generally a top wall A, a bottom wall B, side walls C, rear wall D, a front wall E, and a partitionwall F interposed between the top and bottom walls and extending from the front wall toward but spaced from the rear wall. The combustion chamber is provided with an opening G in the front thereof, between the partition Fand the top wall A, for the supply of the combustible mixture thereto, and with an exhaust opening H in the bottom wall immediately adjacent to the front wall E. There is thus provided a combustion chamber having an upper pass and a lower pass communicating around the rear end of the partition F. This general type of combustion chamber is shown in my Patent No. 1,371,774 issued March 15, 1921, and in my application No. 713,186 filed May 14, 1924.

The walls A-F inclusive are made from a refractory material (preferably silicon carbide) in the shape of tiles which are assembled to form the walls. For the purpose of giving strength to the assembly and to overcome the objections noted hereinbefore, the tiles 1 of which the side walls C are composed are provided on opposed edges with tongues 2 and grooves .3Q This enables tliem to be assembled conveniently end-to-end, as will appear clearly from Fig. 3, and to provide a strong connection between adjacent tiles. This construction also reduces gas leaka e to a minimum, which reduction isl still urther increased by the use of siliconcarbide cement at the joints.

The individual tiles 4 which are employed for the top wall A are provided each with a tongue 5 at one end and a groove 6 at the other end, enabling them to be interlocked in the same manner as the-tiles 1. The lower face of each tile 4 is also provided with a groove 6 adjacent each side edge adapted to receive the tongues 2 on thevto s ofthe side 'tiles 1. The upper faces of t e tiles 4 are also shown `as provided with tongues 7 which are adapted to cooperate with tiles 1 thereabove, in the event that the combustion chamber is provided with another pass. However, if desired, the tongue 7 may be omitted from tiles which are known will constitute the top of a combustion chamber, the provision of tongues on all of the tiles tending to standardize the construction and reduce the number of styles of tiles.

The individual tiles` 8 of which the partition F is composed are identical with the tiles 4, the top tongues being indicated at 9, the bottom grooves at 10, the end tongues at 11, and the end grooves at 12. The top tongues 9 are adapted to enter the bottom grooves 3 in the side tiles 1 thereabove While the bottom grooves 10' are adapted to receive the tongues 2 on the tops of the side tiles 1 therebelow.

The individual bottom tiles 13 of whichthe bottom wall B is composed are provided each with an end tongue 14 and an end groove 15. ln addition each tile 13 is provided in its upper face with a tongue 16 adjacent each side edge thereof and adapted to enter a groove 3 in the side of the tile 1 thereabove.

Each bottom tile 17 of the rear wall l) is provided at the top with a tongue 18 and at the bottom with a groove 19; also with a forwardly projecting tongue 20 near the bottom thereof adapted to ent-er the groove 15 of the adjacent bottom tile. lin addition, each tile has side tongues 21 adapted to enter the grooves 3 in the side tiles adjacent thereto.

The upper tile 22 of the back wall is provided with a groove 23 at its bottom adapted to receive the tongue 18 on the tile therebeneath with a forwardly extending tongue 24 at the top thereof and adapted to enter the groove 6 on the top tile adjacent thereto, and with a forwardly projecting tongue 25 at each side thereof adapted to enter theA grooves 3 in the side tiles. `"Where it is contemplated using another pass 'above the upper pass shown herein, the tile 22 may have a short tongue 26 at each side thereof adapted to align with the tongues 7. rli`he front tile E is adapted to close the end of the lower pass and, for that purpose, requires only a groove at each side thereof adapted to receive the tongues 2 of the adjacentside tiles. The tile is shown, however, as provided additionally with a forwardly projecting tongue 27 corresponding to the tongue 24 on the tile 22 and with a vertical tongue 28 at each side thereof, corresponding to the tongues 25. These tongues in the tile E as well as the groove 19 and tongues 21 in the tile 17 and the tongues 25 and 26 on the tile 22 enable the said tiles to be used in other and specifically different assemblies from the one shown herein.

The combustion chamber described herein, although made of material having no great inherent strength, is stable, will withstand all ordinary incidents of use, and will prevent the leakage of gas therethrough, it being un derstood that gaseous fuel will be introduced through the opening G and will be practically entirely consumed in its passage through the two passes of the combustion chamber to the outlet H.

ln Figs. 4T6 inclusive, there is shown a modification of my invention as utilized in connection with a combustion chamber having a top exhaust. ln these views, A denotes the upper wall, B the lower wall, C the side walls, D the rear wall, E the front Wall, and F the partition wall. The individual tiles of the top wall A are preferably formed in the same manner as the corresponding tiles in Figs. 1 to 3 and the parts thereof are designated by the same reference characters, it being noted merely that the tongues 5 are shown as provided on the re'ar ends of the tiles and the grooves on the front ends, instead of vice versa, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and it being noted further that the tongues 7 areomitted, the tiles being designed with special reference to a two-pass furnace. The individual tiles of the top A and of the bottom B are also substantially identical with those used for the top and the bottom of the combustion chamber in Figs. 13, and the parts are designated by the same `reference characters as are employed 0n the corresponding parts on Figs. 1-3, it being noted that the rearmost bottom tile is provided at its end with a tongue 14, adapting the combustion chamber for longitudinal extension, if desirable.

The individual tiles of the side C are similar to the corresponding tiles shown in Figs. 2 and 3. 'lwo styles of tiles lt and 1b are employed for the sides, each having a tongue at one end thereof and a groove at the other end thereof, as is the case with the tiles 1. ln addition, the tiles 1at each have a tongue 2 at one of the horizontal edges thereof, and a groove 3 at the other horizontal edge. Each of the tiles 1b has grooves 3a in the upper and lower edges thereof. In addition, each of the tiles 1a and 1h has a ledge 29 arranged to project into the combustion chamber, with an angular notch 3() extending from said ledge to the adjacent horizontal edge of such tile. When assembled, the tiles 1a and 1b provide opposed channel-shaped seats 31 between the upper and lower ledges 20 for the tiles which comprise the partition F. Each individual tile 32 of said partition is provided with straight side edges 32 and with reverselyarranged angular notches 33 on opposite ends thereof,

vthis arrangement enabling the tiles tobe assembled with a part of one tile projecting into a recess of the adjacent tile and forming a close joint with a part of such tile.

The rear end D may be a single tile which is fitted into the space defined by the sides. top and bottom of the-combustion chamber, being cemented in place.

In both forms of combustion chamber, the top, bottom and side walls and the partition' wall are formed from individualtlles eachA having a recess at one edge for the-.reception of the projecting part of. the edge of an adjacent tile and each also lhaving a projection at another edge. adapted to enter a recess in the edge of an adjacent tile. It should be noted also that, in both forms of the invention, the tiles for the top and the bottom of the combustion chamber are generally interchangeable, as are also the tiles for the sides of the combustion chambers. Furthermore, both forms of the invention result in the production of a combustion chamber which has the requisite stability and strength and which is suiiiciently gas-tight to withstand all ordinary incidents of use in commercial insulation. j

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is j 1. A combustion chamber having top, bottom and side walls and an end wall made from tiles of refractory materia-l having high heat-radiating qualities, the sides comprising each an upper and a lower course of tiles interlocked at their front and rear edges, a partition formed of tiles and interposed between the top course of tiles and the bottom course of tiles of each side Wall, the tiles cornprising the partitions being interlocked with cach other and also being interlocked with the tops of the tiles therebelow and with the bottoms of the tiles therebeneath, the tiles at the top and bottom of the chamber being also interlocked with the tiles constituting the sides, and the tiles constituting the rear wall of the chamber being interlocked with each other and with the tiles in the top, bottom and sides.

2. A combustion chamber having top, bottom and side walls and an end wall made from tiles of refractory material having high heat-radiating qualities, the sides comprising each an upper and a lower course of tiles interlocked at their front and rear edges, a partition formed of tiles "and interposed between the top course of tiles and the bottomcourse of tiles of each side wall, the tiles comprising the partition being interlocked with each other and also being interlocked with the tops of the tiles therebelow and with the bottoms of the tiles thereabove, the tiles at the top and bottom of the chamber being also interlocked with the tiles constituting the sides and the rear Wall of the chamber being connected with the .adjacent tiles in the top, bottom and sides.

3. A combustion chamber having top, bottom, side and end walls and a partition extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear wall and interposed between the top and bottom Walls, the said walls and the said partition being composed each of tiles of refractory material having high heatradiating quality, the tiles in each ot said walls and in said partition being interlocked to provide strength and prevent gas leakage,

the tiles of the top and bottom walls being also interlocked with the tiles of the side walls and the tiles constituting the rear Wall being interlocked with the top, bottom and side walls, and the tiles of the partition being interlocked with the tiles of the side walls:

4. A combustion chamber having top, bottom and side Walls and a rear Wall and-a partition extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear Wall and interposed between the top and bottom Walls, the said walls and the said partition being composed each of tiles of refractory material having high heat-radiating qualit-y, the tiles in the top, bottom and side walls and in said partition being interlocked to provide strength and prevent gas leakage,'the tiles of the top and bottom Walls being also interlocked with the tiles 4of the side walls and the tiles of the partition being interlocked with the tiles in the side walls.

5. A combustion chamber having top, bottom, side and front and rear walls and a partition extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear wall and interposed between the top and bottom Walls, the said walls and the said partition being composed each of tiles of refractory material having high heat-radiating quality, the tiles in each of said Walls and in said partition being interlocked to provide strength and prevent gas leakage, the tiles of the top and bottom Walls being also interlocked with the tiles of the side walls and the tiles constituting the rear wall being interlocked with the top, bottom and side walls, the tiles constituting thesaid partition extending entirely across the chamber and supporting and interlocked at their side edges With the tiles thereabove in the side Walls and being supported by and interlocked with the tiles therebeloW in said side Walls.

6. A combustion chamber having top, bottom, rear and side Walls and a partition eX- tending from the front toward and spaced from the rear Wall and interposed between the top and bottom walls, the said Walls and the said partition being composed each of4 tiles of refractory material having high heatradiating quality, the tiles in each of said walls and insaid partition beng interlocked to provde strength and prevent gas leakage, the tiles of the top and bottom walls being also interlocked with the tiles of the side Walls, and the tiles constituting the said partition extending across the chamber and being interlocked at their side edges-With the tiles thereabove and therebelow in the side walls, and the rear Wall being fitted to the side, top and bottom Walls. Y

v7. A combustion chamber of the character set forth having top, bottomandside walls and a partition extending from the front toward the rear Wall and interposed between the top and bottom walls, the said top, bottom and side Walls as well as said partition being formed of individual tiles of refractory material having high heat-radiat ing quality, each tile having a recess at one vedge for the reception of a projecting part on the edge of an adjacent tile and also having a projection at another edge adapted to enter a recess in an adjacent tile whereby the said top, bottom and side Walls of the chamber are interlocked to strengthen the construction as a Whole and to prevent gas leakage, the tiles constituting said partition extending across said chamber and interlocking at their edges with the tiles thereabove and therebeloW, and the rear Wall of said combustion chamber being fitted to said side, top and bottom Walls.

8. A refractory muiile structure for use in high temperature furnace operations comprising a plurality of flat dense refractory plates having a length equal to the Width of the structure and provided with tongues and grooves intertting to form continuous top and bottom Walls of the muffle, and a plural.

ity of plates of similar material extending between the top and bottom Which are provided With tongues and groovesintertting to form the muflle sides, said side plates be- -ing arranged upon the bottom plates and adapted to support the top plates, said plates having intertting tongue and groove connections, thereby providing an integral self-supporting structure adapted to effectively resist the heat changes encountered in high temperature operations.

9. A refractory mue structure for use in high temperature furnace operations com-V prising a plurality. of interchangeable flat dense refractory plates forming the top and bottom of the mule, and interchangeable side plates supported on the bottom plates and in turn supporting the top plates, each of the top and bottom plates extending the 'full Width of the mue and the side plates extending between the top and bottom of the Inutile, said plates having interfittingltongue and grooveconnections to form self-support ing muie walls. l v

10. A refractory chamber for use in high temperature furnace operations especially adapted for transmitting heat by radiation through the Walls thereof, the said chamber comprising a plurality of flat dense refractory plates having a length equal to the Width of the structure and provided With tongues and groovesv interitting to form continuous top and bottom Walls `of the chamber, and a plurality of plates of similar material extending between the top and bottom which are provided with tongues and grooves interfitting to form the chambensides, said side plates being arranged upon the bottom plates and adapted to support the top plates, said ,plates having interfitting tongue and groove connections, thereby providing an integral insana self-supporting structure adapted to effectively resist the heat changes encountered in high temperature operations.

11. A refractory chamber for use in high temperature furnace operations especially adapted for transmitting heat by radiation through the Walls thereof, Vthe said chamber comprising a plurality of interchangeable signature.

ll-IIRAM B. CANNON.

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